레이블이 Best Debt Elimination Software인 게시물을 표시합니다. 모든 게시물 표시
레이블이 Best Debt Elimination Software인 게시물을 표시합니다. 모든 게시물 표시

2013년 11월 29일 금요일

About 'debt collecting software'|Fears of Renewed Debt Clampdown







About 'debt collecting software'|Fears of Renewed Debt Clampdown








The               current               economic               crisis               may               seem               abstract               and               distant               to               some,               but               it               cannot               be               more               immediate               and               pressing               for               young               people               in               their               early               twenties.

Indeed,               one               of               the               greatest               injustices               to               come               out               of               this               crisis               is               that               its               heaviest               burdens               are               being               imposed               upon               individuals               who               did               absolutely               nothing               to               bring               it               about               -               by               any               theory               or               argument.

In               particular,               the               graduating               classes               of               2009               and               2010               have               been               punished               by               this               crisis               for               absolutely               no               fault               of               their               own.

In               this               article,               I               hope               to               convey               some               understanding               of               the               experiences               faced               by               this               group               of               people,               who               have               been               marginalized               and               overlooked               by               virtually               all               of               the               institutions               that               unfortunately               still               dominate               contemporary               society.

I               will               also               argue               that               intense               anger               is               warranted               among               young               people,               but               that               this               anger               should               be               constructively               channeled               into               comprehensively               reforming               contemporary               society               through               the               heavy               use               of               technology               and               spontaneously               emerging,               "bottom-up"               institutions.

I               write               as               a               member               of               the               college               graduating               class               of               2009               who,               to               date,               has               escaped               the               worst               effects               of               the               crisis.

I               have               a               job               with               decent               pay               and               working               conditions;               I               am               married               and               own               a               house               (getting               the               house               was               quite               an               ordeal,               but               more               on               that               later).

I               have               managed               to               create               a               good               life               for               myself               despite               the               crisis,               but               many               of               my               peers               -               including               the               highly               deserving               ones               -               are               not               so               fortunate.

And               certainly,               the               struggle               I               personally               underwent               to               introduce               the               least               bit               of               stability               and               prosperity               to               my               condition               was               considerable.

Here,               I               will               focus               on               some               of               my               experiences               during               this               crisis,               to               convey               an               impression               of               what               even               its               mild               effects               on               young               people               are               like.

However,               I               will               also               generalize               beyond               my               own               experiences               on               the               basis               of               both               broad               and               particular               observations               that               I               have               had               the               opportunity               to               make               these               past               two               years.

For               responsible               and               meritorious               members               of               my               generation,               the               crisis               has               brought               about               the               kinds               of               struggles               that               they               thought               could               be               avoided               by               sufficient               hard               work               and               learning.

Indeed,               it               is               undeniable               that               the               future               of               virtually               every               young               person               today               hangs               on               a               precipice               due               to               adverse               political               and               macroeconomic               developments.
               Unemployment,               Underemployment,               and               the               Complete               Devaluation               of               College               Education
               One               important               shift               over               the               past               two               years               has               been               with               regard               to               the               degree               -               or               lack               thereof               -               to               which               a               college               education               is               valuable               for               a               young               person's               employment               prospects.

Two               generations               ago,               a               college               degree               was               a               virtual               guarantee               of               a               comfortable,               well-paying               office               job               for               as               long               as               one               wanted               it.

One               generation               ago,               one's               prospects               for               such               a               job               out               of               college               were               still               good,               provided               that               one               performed               well               in               college               and               received               one's               degree               in               a               remunerative               field.

This               was               the               expectation               with               which               the               present               generation               of               graduates               was               raised.

However,               even               before               the               present               crisis,               a               bachelor's               degree               had               become               devalued               through               the               considerable               increase               in               the               number               of               people               seeking               and               receiving               it.

Many               people               had               been               incentivized               by               extensive               federal               subsidies               to               seek               "educations"               for               which               they               had               neither               the               inclination               nor,               perhaps,               the               merit.

Colleges               responded               with               astronomical               escalations               of               tuition               (since               demand               increased               and               they               figured               the               federally               aided               students               could               afford               it),               lowering               of               academic               standards,               and               greater               tolerance               toward               the               "party               school"               atmosphere.

It               became               difficult               for               employers               to               establish               whose               bachelor's               degree               was               a               valid               signaling               mechanism               for               merit,               and               whose               was               a               joke.
               Now,               however,               a               bachelor's               degree               by               itself               -               even               from               a               private               college               with               rigorous               standards               -               will               not               earn               even               a               job               at               a               fast-food               restaurant.

Good               grades               have               also               ceased               to               be               a               gateway               to               employment               or               to               much               else               that               is               related               to               finances.

Indeed,               I               know               many               high-performing               students               in               my               graduating               class               who,               because               their               only               "official"               qualifications               were               a               bachelor's               degree               and               good               grades,               ended               up               moving               in               with               their               parents               and               remain               there               to               this               day.

The               best               students               among               the               group               that               relied               on               college               alone               have               become               woefully               underemployed.

I               knew,               for               instance,               a               high-achieving               English               major               who               ended               up               working               at               a               drugstore               pharmacy               for               minimum               wage               and               a               perceptive               philosophy               major               who               wandered               around               doing               odd               jobs,               not               quite               sure               what,               if               anything,               he               would               find               from               month               to               month.

The               tragedy               is               compounded               by               the               fact               that               it               is               hard               even               to               become               underemployed               for               young               college               graduates;               many               employers               paying               near               the               minimum               wage               have               begun               to               snub               "overqualified"               candidates,               for               fear               that               these               individuals               might               be               dissatisfied               with               the               parameters               of               a               standard               convenience-store               or               fast-food-restaurant               job.

Others               have               gone               on               to               graduate               school               and               may               be               earning               minimal               stipends               for               serving               as               teaching               assistants               -               but               this               simply               pushes               their               dilemma               back               a               few               years               and               may               even               place               their               finances               in               greater               jeopardy               when               they               graduate               several               years               from               now               and               find               that               they               have               few               tangible               assets               with               which               to               survive               the               coming               hyperinflation.
               I               graduated               from               a               well-known               private               liberal               arts               college               as               the               salutatorian               of               my               class,               with               three               majors               in               economics,               mathematics,               and               German.

My               majors               and               grades               did               not,               however,               earn               me               my               job.

Rather,               I               was               hired               because               of               the               four               actuarial               exams               I               passed               while               in               college,               on               my               own               time               and               initiative.

The               exams               helped               me               bypass               the               old               notorious               Catch-22               of               lack               of               work               experience               leading               to               lack               of               job               leading               to               lack               of               work               experience               -               since               the               hiring               rules               of               the               organization               for               which               I               work               consider               two               passed               actuarial               exams               to               be               the               equivalent               of               one               year               of               work               experience.

But               even               with               those               actuarial               exams,               it               was               a               matter               of               great               fortune               that               I               found               a               job               at               all.

When               I               began               taking               the               actuarial               exams               in               2007,               it               was               under               the               assumption               that               even               one               exam               was,               in               most               cases,               a               gateway               to               a               job.

However,               virtually               no               company               was               hiring               for               entry-level               actuarial               positions               when               I               sent               out               my               applications               in               early               2009;               even               candidates               with               four               exams               were               routinely               ignored               by               employers.

The               few               positions               that               were               available               all               required               some               number               of               years               of               work               experience               in               the               immediate               field,               even               if               they               primarily               involved               entry-level               work.

To               help               me               search,               I               contacted               an               actuarial               staffing               firm,               which               failed               to               update               me               regarding               any               prospects               for               months               at               a               time.

When               I               followed               up               periodically               with               its               representative,               I               was               told               that               no               contact               occurred               because               no               openings               had               been               found               within               the               vast               geographical               area               which               I               had               specified               as               acceptable.

Out               of               the               fifty               applications               I               circulated               on               my               own,               I               received               one               job               offer               and               accepted               it.

I               am               glad               I               did.

I               was               one               of               the               few               people               of               my               graduating               class               to               secure               a               job               prior               to               graduating,               which               made               my               life               immensely               easier               than               it               might               have               been.

To               this               day,               I               still               recommend               that               college               graduates               looking               for               a               job               accept               the               first               offer               they               get,               because               they               will               not               likely               get               a               second.

Now,               no               number               of               professional               exams               or               certifications               would               guarantee               finding               paid               employment               -               although               they               certainly               help.

And               of               course,               any               individual's               chances               of               finding               a               job               have               deteriorated               considerably               since               I               conducted               my               search.

Then               there               were               about               three               unemployed               persons               for               every               job,               on               average;               now               the               number               is               probably               closer               to               ten,               especially               if               discouraged               workers               are               considered.
               What               struck               me               about               my               own               experience               is               that               all               the               accomplishments               which,               throughout               my               earlier               life,               I               perceived               as               "extra"               and               optional,               were               absolutely               indispensable               to               just               barely               enabling               me               to               secure               a               decently               paying               job               and               a               modestly               comfortable               standard               of               living.

I,               like               most               of               my               peers,               had               been               raised               with               the               expectation               that,               for               the               best               academic               performers,               the               question               was               not               whether               one               would               get               a               job               out               of               college,               but               rather               which               offer               one               would               accept               on               the               basis               of               the               desirability               of               the               job               and               its               surrounding               environment.

This               expectation               has               shown               to               be               completely               illusory.

Moreover,               a               truly               pitiable               situation               afflicts               those               individuals               who,               for               lack               of               financial               resources               within               their               families,               decided               to               accumulate               debt               in               order               to               attend               college               -               hoping,               perhaps,               that               the               value               of               the               resulting               degree               would               eventually               pay               for               their               loans               and               propel               them               well               into               the               middle               class.

These               individuals               are               now               affected               with               crushing               financial               obligations               -               sometimes               in               the               hundreds               of               thousands               of               dollars               -               and               no               means               to               repay               them;               moreover,               student               loan               debt               cannot               even               be               erased               via               a               bankruptcy.

In               my               case,               I               had               no               educational               debt               for               a               variety               of               reasons,               and               I               also               accumulated               a               small               amount               of               savings               throughout               college               by               engaging               in               a               variety               of               writing               ventures               online               and               collecting               prizes               from               essay               contests.

That,               too,               I               considered               to               be               optional               and               exceptional               at               the               time.

But               that               small               pool               of               savings               was               vital               to               enabling               me               and               my               wife               to               survive               during               my               transition               into               my               job               and               later               contributing               to               the               substantial               down               payment               that               allowed               us               to               obtain               our               house.

Fortunately,               all               has               turned               out               for               the               best               for               us               thus               far.

But,               along               the               way,               there               were               numerous               junctures               where               our               lives               could               have               deteriorated               dramatically               simply               because               of               the               vicissitudes               of               macroeconomic               events.

I               am               still               astonished               at               the               realization               that               if               I               did               not               pass               those               actuarial               exams,               or               win               those               essay               contests,               or               spend               my               lunch               breaks               and               evenings               in               college               writing               articles               for               various               online               enterprises,               I               might               either               be               financially               dependent               or               on               the               verge               of               starvation               today.
               The               War               of               Fannie               Mae               and               Freddie               Mac               against               Responsible               Young               People
               For               the               fortunate               young               people               who               do               manage               to               secure               jobs               during               this               crisis,               the               ordeal               is               far               from               over.

In               order               for               one               to               be               truly               financially               secure               in               an               era               of               impending               hyperinflation,               only               the               ownership               of               useful               tangible               property               can               suffice.

Roughly,               whatever               material               standard               of               living               one               had               right               before               the               hyperinflation               is               the               maximum               standard               of               living               one               will               retain               until               a               stabler               currency               regime               returns.

In               particular,               because               the               prices               consumers               have               to               pay               tend               to               rise               faster               than               those               consumers'               earnings,               only               an               abundance               of               durable               goods               can               tide               one               over               at               a               tolerable               standard               of               living               while               the               real               costs               of               food               and               disposable               goods               continue               to               skyrocket.

Owning               a               residence               in               a               hyperinflation               is               a               virtual               necessity               if               one               does               not               wish               to               be               evicted               for               failing               to               pay               astronomically               rising               rent.

But               what               is               it               like               for               a               responsible               young               person               today               to               try               to               obtain               a               house?

My               own               experience               with               this               showed               me               how               utterly               irrational               and               unfairly               discriminatory               today's               centralized               lending               system               is               toward               the               young.
               Keep               in               mind               that               prior               to               obtaining               my               mortgage,               I               never               had               any               serious               debt               -               only               a               credit               card               which               I               used               once               a               month               as               a               formality,               to               build               my               credit               history,               and               for               which               I               promptly               paid               off               the               balance               every               time.

I               had               also               been               a               tenant               for               3.5               years               and               had               a               perfect               payment               record               for               all               of               my               bills.

During               most               months,               I               can               save               circa               60%               of               my               income               and               support               both               myself               and               my               wife               on               the               remainder.

Both               my               wife               and               I               have               excellent               credit               scores               -               enough               that,               when               we               applied               for               a               mortgage,               we               were               told               that,               if               we               qualified               for               a               loan               at               all,               we               would               qualify               for               the               best               interest               rate.

In               short,               it               is               no               exaggeration               that               we               are               about               as               financially               responsible               as               people               -               not               just               young               people               -               get.

But               apparently               this               was               not               enough               for               our               bank.
               Since               the               collapse               of               the               housing               market,               Fannie               Mae               and               Freddie               Mac,               which               have               also               been               fully               nationalized,               have               imposed               highly               stringent               underwriting               guidelines               for               all               "conventional"               loans               backed               by               them               -               i.e.,               all               loans               not               backed               by               the               more               lenient               Federal               Housing               Administration               (FHA).

For               those               unfamiliar               with               the               term,               underwriting               standards               determine               whether               or               not               a               loan               even               gets               made,               irrespective               of               what               terms               the               borrower               would               qualify               for               if               he               were               deemed               eligible.

Given               that               banks               were               perversely               incentivized               to               employ               ridiculously               loose               underwriting               standards               during               the               housing-boom               years,               it               would               seem               sensible               at               a               first               approximation               for               these               standards               to               become               more               rigorous.

However,               as               is               the               tendency               with               federalized               entities,               the               alleged               "solution"               to               a               problem               becomes               worse               than               the               problem               itself.

The               standards               imposed               by               Fannie               Mae               and               Freddie               Mac               today               are               arbitrary,               draconian,               and               completely               unrelated               to               the               underlying               factors               that               determine               whether               the               borrower               will               repay               the               mortgage.

They               have               contributed               to               many               genuinely               responsible               people               being               denied               the               opportunity               to               purchase               a               house,               while               many               genuinely               irresponsible               people               continue               to               get               loans.

The               recent               passage               of               the               gargantuan               "financial               reform"               legislation               in               Congress               (H.R.

4173               /               S.

3217)               would               essentially               foist               these               standards               as               federal               law               upon               all               mortgage               lenders               -               meaning               that,               had               my               wife               and               I               waited               to               apply               for               a               loan               until               after               the               reforms'               implementation               date,               we               would               have               been               denied               the               opportunity               to               purchase               a               house               altogether.
               One               of               the               one-size-fits-all               underwriting               standards               that               obstructed               our               ability               to               get               a               "conventional"               loan               was               the               requirement               that               one               have               a               certain               number               of               active               credit               accounts               in               one's               credit               report               (irrespective               of               one's               credit               score               -               and               no,               rental,               utility,               insurance,               and               telecommunications               payments               do               not               count               under               this               arbitrary               rubric).

Because               I               never               had               a               need               for               credit               cards,               I               had               only               one,               simply               to               build               up               my               credit               score.

And,               truly,               what               reasonable               college               student               would               ever               need               more               than               one?

Apparently,               I               was               required               either               to               borrow               and               spend               lavishly               -               replicating               the               consumer               behaviors               that               fueled               the               current               crisis               -               or               to               play               the               game               of               nominal               credit               card               usage               with               multiple               accounts.

But               nobody               told               me               that,               to               remain               financially               responsible               and               in               the               good               graces               of               Fannie               Mae               and               Freddie               Mac,               I               needed               to               buy               my               haircut               with               Card               A,               my               groceries               with               Card               B,               a               cup               of               coffee               with               Card               C,               and               the               occasional               little               trinket               with               Card               D               -               and               remember               to               pay               off               all               of               those               little               balances               before               the               end               of               the               month               to               avoid               interest               and               fees.

Understandably,               I               preferred               to               use               my               debit               card               -               but               this               resulted               in               my               failure               to               qualify               for               a               "conventional"               loan               and               ultimately               cost               me               considerable               money.

Indeed,               under               the               2009               Credit               CARD               Act               (H.R.

627),               young               people               under               the               age               of               21               are               now               prohibited               from               obtaining               credit               cards               unless               the               cards               are               co-signed               by               a               parent               or               the               young               people               can               verify               independent               sources               of               income               (again,               in               accord               with               arbitrary               and               unduly               stringent               standards).

This               means               that               a               person               several               years               my               junior,               even               if               he               wanted               to,               could               not               play               the               credit               card               game               in               college               in               order               to               qualify               for               a               "conventional"               loan               later               on.
               Fannie               Mae               and               Freddie               Mac               did               offer               an               alternative               by               which               this               requirement               could               be               bypassed:               a               demonstration               of               a               12-month               payment               history               in               at               least               three               non-credit               accounts.

While               I               had               such               a               payment               history,               it               so               happened               that,               for               my               old               apartment               in               college,               my               landlady               would               pay               for               the               utilities               but               would               collect               their               cost               from               all               of               the               tenants               as               part               of               the               monthly               check.

Thus,               all               those               utility               payments               did               not               qualify               under               the               federal               standards.
               The               other               criterion               -               which               will               now               likely               be               mandatory               for               all               lenders               to               use               -               was               conventional               employment               history,               as               documented               via               tax               returns,               at               a               certain               income               level               and               in               the               same               occupation.

While               I               did               have               some               relatively               minor               earnings               in               college,               I               did               not               then               have               a               "job"               as               conventionally               defined,               and               certainly               not               anything               that               paid               as               well               as               actuarial               work.

The               federal               requirements               insisted               on               two               years               of               employment               history               in               the               same               occupation,               whereas               I               could               only,               at               the               time,               document               eight               months.

The               unintended               consequence               of               this               requirement,               of               course,               is               that               it               would               bar               financially               responsible               young               people               from               getting               a               "conventional"               loan               -               simply               for               lack               of               having               spent               "sufficient"               time               in               their               post-college               occupation.

The               loan               I               was               applying               for               would               have               put               me               significantly               below               the               threshold               30%               debt-to-income               ratio;               moreover,               I               had               a               20%               down               payment               and               a               decent               amount               of               savings               left               afterward.

But               no;               two               years               was               the               cutoff               threshold,               and               so               I               was               denied               a               "conventional"               loan               for               a               house               I               could               easily               afford.

My               wife               and               I               were               able               to               get               an               FHA-backed               loan,               which               required               a               substantial               private               mortgage               insurance               (PMI)               premium,               irrespective               of               the               borrower's               amount               of               equity               in               the               house.

While               most               borrowers               choose               to               finance               the               PMI               into               the               loan,               I               decided               to               put               this               nonsense               behind               me               right               away               and               pay               it               upfront.

To               add               insult               to               injury,               the               incompetence               of               certain               staff               at               the               lending               bank               resulted               in               the               PMI               being               double-counted               on               five               separate               occasions               as               being               both               financed               into               the               loan               and               paid               upfront;               apparently,               nobody               at               this               gargantuan,               nationwide,               probably               bailed-out               institution               had               ever               encountered               a               15-year,               fixed-interest-rate,               FHA-backed               loan               with               the               PMI               paid               upfront.

Indeed,               our               closing               was               delayed               because               of               the               bank's               inability               to               promptly               correct               this               error,               and               the               error               remained               on               the               loan               documents               on               the               day               of               closing;               it               was               only               corrected               via               an               emergency               call               to               the               bank               by               our               title               agent.

If               we               were               any               less               vigilant,               less               persistent,               or               less               mathematically               inclined,               we               might               have               acquiesced               to               becoming               several               thousand               dollars               poorer.
               The               kinds               of               underwriting               criteria               I               described               did               exist               prior               to               the               economic               crisis,               but               they               were               typically               not               used               as               exclusionary               criteria.

Prior               to               the               crisis,               if               a               borrower               failed               to               meet               one               underwriting               benchmark,               most               banks               would               simply               demand               higher               measures               on               the               other               benchmarks.

Thus,               a               short               employment               history               might               be               compensated               by               a               low               debt-to-income               ratio,               or               an               "insufficient"               number               of               credit               accounts               might               be               overlooked               because               of               a               20%               down               payment.

Today,               however,               it               is               all               or               nothing               -               and               this               is               likely               to               become               the               federal               mandate               throughout               the               entire               future               of               U.S.

mortgage               lending.

This               will               create               an               underclass               of               property-less               young               people               whose               earnings               become               consistently               inflated               away               to               pay               for               federal               debts               and               obligations               to               special               interests               and               some               members               of               older               generations               who               have               acquired               political               connections               and               influence.

Unless               they               can               obtain               houses               shortly               upon               entering               the               job               market               -               which               the               law               would               essentially               prohibit,               except               for               those               few               with               the               money               to               buy               a               house               outright               -               young               people               will               never               be               able               to               obtain               them.

This               is               because               by               the               time               they               have               accumulated               enough               "employment               history",               the               money               they               earned               in               the               interim               will               have               been               devalued               considerably.

Slave               labor,               anyone?
               Implications               and               Solutions
               The               disproportionate               suffering               of               young               people               during               this               crisis               has               had               significant               and               ongoing               societal               and               economic               implications.

Among               these               are               the               following:
               There               is               a               growing               disillusionment               with               the               idea               that               merit               and               effort               are               connected               with               proportionate               rewards:               to               many               young               people               today,               it               seems               that               life               will               be               poor               no               matter               how               hard               one               tries.

This               may               continue               for               decades               as               the               "lost               generation"               of               recent               college               graduates               is               required               to               pay               for               the               accelerating               growth               of               federal               obligations               through               higher               taxes,               hyperinflation,               mandatory               health               insurance,               diminished               economic               growth,               and               stifling               restrictions               on               individual               freedom.

In               the               meantime,               politically               favored               corporations               and               special               interest               groups               have               received               unprecedented               federal               support               for               literally               destroying               wealth.
               There               has               been               a               slowdown               in               workplace               productivity               because               of               a               lack               of               young               employees               who               are               immersed               in               the               latest               technologies               and               do               not               shy               away               from               them               by               habit.

Older,               less               efficient               ways               of               doing               business               continue               to               predominate               because               no               influences               counterbalance               the               habits               of               many               older               workers               or,               through               the               incentives               of               competition,               invite               those               workers               to               step               outside               their               comfort               zones.

While               some               of               the               more               forward-thinking               older               workers               continue               to               innovate               technologically,               there               are               not               enough               of               them               to               assure               a               sufficient               rate               of               progress               without               a               steady               influx               of               young               people               -               people               who               grew               up               in               the               Internet               era               -               into               the               workforce.

Various               federal               mandates,               corporate               subsidies               and               bailouts,               and               other               incentives               to               retain               existing               institutional               structures               may               further               ossify               and               perpetuate               current               massive               business               inefficiencies.
               Some               of               the               less               determined               young               people               have               resigned               themselves               to               continued               financial               dependence               on               their               parents               after               college.

This               may               eventually               plunge               the               United               States               into               the               dilemma               experienced               in               Italy               and               Spain,               where               many               young               people               continue               to               be               supported               by               their               parents               until               their               forties.

This               will               lead,               in               many               people,               to               a               further               extension               of               "carefree"               adolescence,               with               its               ill               societal               and               economic               effects.

Worse               yet,               it               will               lead               to               the               expectation               that               people               remain               infantilized               until               their               health               begins               to               decline               -               leaving               no               period               of               simultaneous               youth               and               prosperity               during               which               the               greatest               accomplishments               are               possible.

The               most               responsible               young               people               will               still               try               to               make               it               on               their               own,               but               they               will               increasingly               be               denied               opportunities               via               coercive               means               -               just               as               an               enterprising               teenager               seeking               to               start               his               own               business               might               be               thwarted               under               today's               child               labor               laws.
               In               lower-income               areas               -               particularly               the               urban               ghettoes               -               marriage               and               family               have               become               even               further               threatened,               as               young               people               in               those               areas               see               no               avenues               of               financial               mobility               by               which               they               are               able               to               sustain               a               spouse               and               children.

Meanwhile,               those               areas               continue               to               be               plagued               by               the               refusal               of               many               young               people               to               take               care               of               their               out-of-wedlock               children.
               The               nexus               of               pre-crisis               institutions               has               survived               the               crisis               largely               intact               because               of               federal               support.

These               institutions               have               become               a               new               feudal/guild               system               which               perpetuates               obsolete               and               wealth-destroying               economic               arrangements.

As               the               record               of               the               Congress               and               Obama               administration               has               shown,               any               attempts               at               federally               imposed               "reform"               only               further               entrench               these               institutions               by               enshrining               some               variant               of               existing               practices               into               law.

The               dominant               institutions               are               generally               uninterested               in               hiring               recent               college               graduates,               whose               cultural               expectations               -               as               epitomized               by               the               free               culture               dominant               on               the               Internet               -               are               at               odds               with               the               hyper-compartmentalized,               ultra-restricted,               "cog               in               the               machine"               culture               of               the               bailed-out,               subsidized               U.S.

corporations.
               Meanwhile,               the               honest,               relatively               politically               unconnected               businesses               fear               to               hire               young               people               because               of               the               economic               uncertainty               engendered               by               federal               policy.

Who               knows               what               sorts               of               mandated               benefits,               paperwork,               and               other               federally               imposed               obligations               those               new               employees               will               bring               with               them               -               especially               several               years               in               the               future?

Many               business               owners,               even               if               they               recognize               that               talented               young               people               would               benefit               their               enterprises,               are               deterred               from               hiring               because               of               rational               and               understandable               desires               not               to               be               burdened               by               the               political               challenges               that               might               accompany               such               a               decision.
               It               seems               that               the               present               young               generation               has               largely               been               designated               as               the               party               onto               which               the               costs               of               this               crisis               shall               be               offloaded.

This               was               not               brought               about               by               a               deliberate               central               design               (though               many               deliberate               central               designs               contributed               to               it),               but               rather               as               the               inexorable               outcome               of               the               currently               dominant               morass               of               "vampire"               institutions               which               have               outlasted               their               time.

Only               the               replacement               of               these               institutions               can               return               a               semblance               of               prosperity               to               most               members               of               today's               "lost               generation".

Moreover,               only               young               people               themselves               can               effectuate               the               desirable               new               institutions,               which               should               be               modeled               on               the               free,               open,               and               participatory               culture               of               the               Internet.

There               can               be               no               better               example               than               the               Internet               for               what               the               creativity               of               even               average               humans               can               achieve               when               it               is               not               strictly               bound               to               narrowly               defined               established               ways               of               doing               things.

Moreover,               the               Internet               facilitates               alternative               methods               of               human               interactions               to               those               sanctioned               by               the               bailed-out               institutional               establishment.
               I               mentioned               previously               that               anger               is               the               warranted               response               of               young               people               at               the               present               predicament               -               for               anger               is               a               far               better               response               than               despair               and               depression.

But               not               just               any               anger               will               do;               it               must               be               channeled               constructively.

Protest               rallies               and               other               publicity               stunts,               for               instance,               will               accomplish               nothing,               while               strikes               or               work               slowdowns               will               only               exacerbate               the               problem.

No               -               the               solution               lies               in               more               determination,               more               productivity,               more               achievement,               more               innovation               -               to               overcome               through               the               strength               of               mind               and               will               the               barriers               posed               by               the               obsolete               dominant               institutions.

The               young               person's               best               friend               in               this               endeavor               is               technology,               which               dramatically               amplifies               a               person's               productive               capacity               and,               by               implication,               that               person's               impact               on               the               world.

Technology               challenges               established               media,               financial               institutions,               and               production               methods.

Information               technology               especially               brings               to               the               ordinary               people               a               degree               of               self-sovereignty               and               mastery               of               the               external               world               that               the               politically               privileged               have               always               attempted               -               and               assiduously               continue               to               attempt               -               to               monopolize.

Technology               can               provide               free,               legal               access               to               education,               art,               and               entertainment.

It               can               remove               most               of               the               inefficiencies               conventionally               associated               with               communication.

Most               importantly,               though,               it               brings               with               it               a               marvelous               decentralizing               cultural               and               economic               shift               that               renders               increasingly               fewer               areas               of               a               person's               life               inextricably               dependent               on               established               institutions.

Young               people               today               should               create               an               alternative               economy               based               on               personal               technology               -               which               would               also               be               largely               independent               of               the               manipulations               of               monetary               authorities               and               might               even               counteract               inflationary               tendencies               by               increasing               the               quantity               of               goods               "chased"               by               money.

Such               an               economy               is               already               manifest               in               the               open-source               and               Creative               Commons               models               which               have               surged               in               popularity               online.

The               great               challenge               of               our               generation               will               be               to               bring               this               model               into               the               realm               of               the               most               tangible               goods               imaginable.

Fortunately,               the               rate               at               which               technological               knowledge               advances               has               never               been               faster,               even               with               this               crisis.

The               key               will               be               to               implement               potentially               world-changing               new               knowledge.
               In               effect,               I               am               proposing               a               cultural               resistance               to               the               driving               forces               behind               this               crisis.

This               resistance               is,               in               many               ways,               the               diametrical               opposite               of               the               campus               rebellions               of               the               1960s               generation               -               the               generation               which               currently               occupies               the               dominant               roles               in               our               society.

Instead               of               disdaining               wealth,               comfort,               and               respectability,               today's               young               people               should               strive               for               these               values               with               renewed               vigor               -               if               only               to               show               that               the               "vampire"               institutions               cannot               defeat               their               aspirations               to               prosperity               and               happiness.

Moreover,               the               profound               injustices               of               the               crisis               and               the               enormous               gap               between               achievement               and               reward               existing               today               should               motivate               young               people               to               strive               for               a               society               based               in               all               its               dimensions               on               the               principle               of               merit               -               the               principle               that               a               person               should               rise               and               fall               based               on               his               individual               qualities               and               achievements,               not               on               the               arbitrary,               one-size-fits-all               decisions               of               the               parties               that               caused               the               crisis.
               To               overturn               the               status-quo-preserving               command-and-control               collectivism               of               the               dominant               powers               and               replace               it               with               an               individualistic,               meritocratic               society               characterized               by               rapidly               accelerating               technological               progress               of               everyday               relevance               and               visibility,               young               people               today               will               need               to               accumulate               resources               of               every               kind,               both               through               conventional               and               alternative               channels.

Any               position,               within               or               outside               established               institutions,               that               brings               about               access               to               such               resources               should               be               welcomed.

For               those               fortunate               to               get               any               job               at               any               institution               -               private               or               public,               old               or               new               -               working               with               honesty               and               integrity               to               improve               that               institution               -               to               imbue               it               with               progress,               justice,               and               respect               for               human               rights               and               virtues               -               is               in               itself               a               praiseworthy               endeavor;               it               will               also               counteract               the               crisis               and               the               policies               and               practices               that               brought               it               about.

Those               who               cannot               find               or               do               not               need               to               find               a               job               should               still               engage               in               activities               that               would               advance               an               individualistic,               technological,               merit-based               society.

Such               activities               are               abundantly               available               and               include               the               creation               of               free               media               and               software               as               well               participation               in               unconventional               volunteer               activities               -               such               as               connecting               one's               computer               to               a               distributed               computing               project               that               performs               technically               useful               or               theoretically               interesting               computations.

Finally,               I               recommend               that               all               young               people               engage               in               at               least               one               creative               endeavor               of               their               own               choosing,               on               their               own               time,               every               day.

It               is               important               to               always               remember               that               one               is               an               intelligent,               rational               human               being               with               a               creative               faculty;               doing               only               what               one               is               told               or               what               necessity               requires               is               the               surest               way               to               dim               that               faculty.

With               the               technologies               available               today               to               foster               human               creativity               at               the               computer,               there               is               no               excuse               anymore               to               simply               "go               with               the               flow"               and               avoid               shaping               the               culture.

And               it               is               such               creation               that               will               win               the               world               for               the               lost               generation.






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